{"id":43290,"date":"2024-02-28T16:55:28","date_gmt":"2024-02-28T08:55:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/russianculture.cn\/ru\/?p=43290"},"modified":"2024-02-28T16:55:28","modified_gmt":"2024-02-28T08:55:28","slug":"%e8%8e%ab%e6%96%af%e7%a7%91%e7%9a%84-10-%e5%ba%a7%e8%8b%8f%e8%81%94%e5%bb%ba%e7%ad%91%e6%9d%b0%e4%bd%9c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/russianculture.cn\/ru\/zh\/%e8%8e%ab%e6%96%af%e7%a7%91%e7%9a%84-10-%e5%ba%a7%e8%8b%8f%e8%81%94%e5%bb%ba%e7%ad%91%e6%9d%b0%e4%bd%9c\/","title":{"rendered":"\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u7684 10 \u5ea7\u82cf\u8054\u5efa\u7b51\u6770\u4f5c"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>1918 \u5e74\u6625\uff0c\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u518d\u6b21\u6210\u4e3a\u9996\u90fd\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u59cb\u79ef\u6781\u53d8\u9769\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u82cf\u8054\u5efa\u7b51\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u5c31\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-large-font-size\"><strong>1.\u8212\u970d\u592b\u5854<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"537\" height=\"351\" src=\"https:\/\/russianculture.cn\/ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1-6.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-43291\" srcset=\"https:\/\/russianculture.cn\/ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1-6.jpg 537w, https:\/\/russianculture.cn\/ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1-6-300x196.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 537px) 100vw, 537px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u65e9\u5728\u6c99\u7687\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u5f17\u62c9\u57fa\u7c73\u5c14\u00b7\u8212\u970d\u592b\u5c31\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u53cc\u66f2\u9762\u7f51\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\u7533\u8bf7\u4e86\u4e13\u5229\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5168\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5c55\u89c8\u4f1a\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5c55\u793a\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u5ea7\u5854\u5efa\u4e8e 1896 \u5e74\u3002\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4e00\u5ea7\u2014\u6c99\u6ce2\u7f57\u592b\u5361 160 \u7c73\u9ad8\u7684\u8212\u970d\u592b\u5854\u2014\u5efa\u4e8e 1919-1922 \u5e74\u3002\u5efa\u9020\u8be5\u5854\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b89\u88c5\u65e0\u7ebf\u7535\u53d1\u5c04\u673a\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u53c8\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86\u7535\u89c6\u53d1\u5c04\u673a\u3002\u5217\u5b81\u4eb2\u81ea\u6279\u51c6\u4e86\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-large-font-size\"><strong>2.\u5217\u5b81\u9675\u5893<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"535\" height=\"357\" src=\"https:\/\/russianculture.cn\/ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2-6.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-43292\" srcset=\"https:\/\/russianculture.cn\/ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2-6.jpg 535w, https:\/\/russianculture.cn\/ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2-6-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 535px) 100vw, 535px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>1924 \u5e74\uff0c\u5f17\u62c9\u57fa\u7c73\u5c14\u00b7\u5217\u5b81\u901d\u4e16\u540e\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5ea7\u6728\u5236\u9675\u5893\u7acb\u5373\u5728\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u514b\u91cc\u59c6\u6797\u5bab\u57ce\u5899\u9644\u8fd1\u5efa\u6210\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u4e3a\u9769\u547d\u9886\u8896\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6c38\u4e45\u9675\u5893\u7684\u7ade\u8d5b\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u767e\u591a\u4efd\u5e94\u5f81\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\uff0c\u8457\u540d\u5efa\u7b51\u5e08\u963f\u5217\u514b\u8c22\u00b7\u8212\u820d\u592b\u7684\u8349\u56fe\u80dc\u51fa\u3002\u4ed6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u82b1\u5c97\u5ca9\u9675\u5893\u4e8e 1930 \u5e74\u7ae3\u5de5\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u5ea7\u9636\u68af\u5f0f\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7891\u8c61\u5f81\u7740\u5217\u5b81\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u751f\u751f\u4e0d\u606f\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5217\u5b81\u5893\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u7ea2\u573a\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u666f\u70b9\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u89c2\u793c\u53f0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-large-font-size\"><strong>3.\u8d22\u653f\u4eba\u6c11\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u8bae\u9662<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"532\" height=\"395\" src=\"https:\/\/russianculture.cn\/ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/3-5.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-43293\" srcset=\"https:\/\/russianculture.cn\/ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/3-5.jpg 532w, https:\/\/russianculture.cn\/ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/3-5-300x223.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 532px) 100vw, 532px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u653f\u6743\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u524d\u536b\u5efa\u7b51\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5b83\u5ba3\u79f0\u6452\u5f03\u88c5\u9970\uff0c\u8d70\u5411\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5efa\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u8457\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u73bb\u7483\u548c\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u5efa\u7b51\uff0c\u5168\u666f\u73bb\u7483\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u6cbf\u5efa\u7b51\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u5468\u8fb9\u5ef6\u4f38\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u6700\u8000\u773c\u7684\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7891\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u4f4d\u4e8e\u8bfa\u6587\u65af\u57fa\u5927\u9053\u7684\u82cf\u8054\u8d22\u653f\u4eba\u6c11\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\uff09\u804c\u5de5\u4f4f\u5b85\uff0c\u5efa\u4e8e 1928-1930 \u5e74\u3002\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u7531\u82cf\u8054\u5efa\u7b51\u5e08\u83ab\u4f0a\u8c22\u00b7\u91d1\u5179\u5821\u3001\u4f0a\u683c\u5185\u4fee\u65af\u00b7\u7c73\u5229\u5c3c\u65af\u548c\u8c22\u5c14\u76d6\u00b7\u666e\u7f57\u970d\u7f57\u592b\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u8574\u542b\u7740\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u516c\u5171\u5316\u3001\u516c\u7528\u8d70\u5eca\u548c\u5355\u5143\u623f\u7684\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u7406\u5ff5\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u5e76\u672a\u4ed8\u8bf8\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-large-font-size\"><strong>4.\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u5929\u6587\u9986<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"536\" height=\"354\" src=\"https:\/\/russianculture.cn\/ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/4-5.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-43294\" srcset=\"https:\/\/russianculture.cn\/ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/4-5.jpg 536w, https:\/\/russianculture.cn\/ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/4-5-300x198.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 536px) 100vw, 536px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>20 \u4e16\u7eaa 20 \u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5168\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u5ea7\u5929\u6587\u9986\uff08\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5929\u6587\u9986\u4e4b\u4e00\uff09\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u5f53\u5c40\u5bf9\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u65b0\u6210\u5c31\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u89c6\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8ddd\u79bb\u52a0\u52a0\u6797\u7684\u98de\u884c\u8fd8\u6709\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4f46\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u70ed\u60c5\u5df2\u7ecf\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6da8\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u90fd\u60f3\u89c2\u6d4b\u661f\u7a7a\u3002\u8fd9\u5ea7\u5efa\u7b51\u7531\u5efa\u7b51\u5e08\u7c73\u54c8\u4f0a\u5c14\u00b7\u5df4\u5c14\u4ec0\u5947\u548c\u7c73\u54c8\u4f0a\u5c14\u00b7\u8f9b\u96c5\u592b\u65af\u57fa\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u5929\u6587\u9986\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f9b\u666e\u901a\u89c2\u4f17\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5927\u529f\u7387\u671b\u8fdc\u955c\uff0c\u5728\u76f4\u5f84 27 \u7c73\u7684\u5706\u9876\u62f1\u9876\u4e0b\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u793c\u5802\u2014\u4e00\u79cd\u79d1\u5b66\u5149\u5b66\u5267\u573a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-large-font-size\"><strong>5.\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u5730\u94c1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"539\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/russianculture.cn\/ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/5-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-43295\" srcset=\"https:\/\/russianculture.cn\/ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/5-3.jpg 539w, https:\/\/russianculture.cn\/ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/5-3-300x223.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 539px) 100vw, 539px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u524d\u82cf\u8054\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u5efa\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u5ea7\u62e5\u6709\u72ec\u7279\u5efa\u7b51\u548c\u88c5\u9970\u7684\u5730\u4e0b\u57ce\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u7ebf\u8def\u5171\u670913\u4e2a\u8f66\u7ad9\uff0c\u4e8e1935\u5e74\u5f00\u901a\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u8f66\u7ad9\u5b9b\u5982\u7531\u5f53\u65f6\u6700\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u5e08\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u8c6a\u534e\u5bab\u6bbf&#8212;\u6709\u6a21\u5851\u3001\u96d5\u5851\u3001\u9a6c\u8d5b\u514b\u548c\u72ec\u521b\u7684\u7167\u660e\u88c5\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"536\" height=\"356\" src=\"https:\/\/russianculture.cn\/ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/6-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-43296\" srcset=\"https:\/\/russianculture.cn\/ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/6-2.jpg 536w, https:\/\/russianculture.cn\/ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/6-2-300x199.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 536px) 100vw, 536px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u6574\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u5730\u9762\u5165\u53e3\u4ead\u5b50\u4e5f\u662f\u5efa\u7b51\u53e4\u8ff9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u963f\u5c14\u5df4\u8328\u5361\u4e9a\u7ad9\u7684\u5165\u53e3\u50cf\u4e00\u9897\u661f\u661f\uff0c\u5171\u9752\u56e2\u4ead\u7684\u67f1\u5eca\u4e0a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e26\u5c16\u9876\u7684\u5706\u9876\uff0c\u8fea\u7eb3\u6469\u5730\u94c1\u7ad9\u7684\u5165\u53e3\u88c5\u9970\u7740\u8fd0\u52a8\u5458\u7684\u96d5\u50cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-large-font-size\"><strong>6.\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u56fd\u7acb\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\uff08\u5217\u5b81\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"535\" height=\"380\" src=\"https:\/\/russianculture.cn\/ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/7-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-43297\" srcset=\"https:\/\/russianculture.cn\/ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/7-3.jpg 535w, https:\/\/russianculture.cn\/ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/7-3-300x213.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 535px) 100vw, 535px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u65b0\u9986\u5efa\u6210\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u53ea\u8bbe\u5728\u4e00\u5ea7\u5b85\u90b8\u4e2d\u2014\u514b\u91cc\u59c6\u6797\u5bab\u6b63\u5bf9\u9762\u7684\u5e15\u4ec0\u79d1\u592b\u5b85\u90b8\uff0c\u4e00\u89c8\u65e0\u4f59\u30021928 \u5e74\uff0c\u7531\u5f17\u62c9\u57fa\u7c73\u5c14-\u76d6\u5c14\u5f17\u91cc\u5947\u548c\u5f17\u62c9\u57fa\u7c73\u5c14-\u4ec0\u4e18\u79d1\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5de5\u7a0b\u5f00\u59cb\u52a8\u5de5\u3002\u4e3b\u85cf\u4e66\u697c\u4e8e 20 \u4e16\u7eaa 30 \u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u7ae3\u5de5\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u5efa\u7b51\u7fa4\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\u66fe\u4e00\u5ea6\u4e2d\u65ad\uff0c\u76f4\u5230 20 \u4e16\u7eaa 50 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has-large-font-size\"><strong>8.\u56fd\u7acb\u514b\u91cc\u59c6\u6797\u5bab<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"536\" height=\"352\" src=\"https:\/\/russianculture.cn\/ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/9-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-43299\" srcset=\"https:\/\/russianculture.cn\/ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/9-3.jpg 536w, https:\/\/russianculture.cn\/ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/9-3-300x197.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 536px) 100vw, 536px\" 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